Afghanistan has been experiencing armed conflicts since the 1970s. Moreover, in the late 1980s, radical Islamist groups such as al-Qaida, the Taliban, and the Islamic State began to form. Violent conflict and foreign invasions have led Afghanistan to now face critical problems with poverty, high dependence on foreign aid, shortage of housing and jobs, and lack of other basic necessities. These problems, along with the … Continue reading Community-Oriented Policing in Afghanistan

Kenya is a diverse country and home to many tribes, some of them with long-standing rivalries. In remote areas like Turkana, the dry climate, long droughts, and very limited natural resources often exacerbate tribal conflicts. In such remote locations, the Kenyan police is reliant on the Kenya Police Reserve (reservists) to upkeep peace. However, the police reservists are essentially volunteers who often lack sufficient training … Continue reading Community-Oriented Policing in Kenya

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is both multicultural and multiethnic. The country’s most prominent groups are Muslim Bosniaks, Catholic Croats, and Orthodox Serbs, but many minority groups also inhabit the country. BiH’s civil war of the early 1990s left at least 114,000 fatalities, caused 900,000 people to become refugees in neighboring countries, and internally displaced 1.3 million. Although more than two decades have passed since the … Continue reading Community-Oriented Policing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Guatemala has a history of dictatorship, military violence, and civil war that dates back to the 1960s. This array of problems, along with high levels of poverty and strong social inequality, has led to high levels of human insecurity and migration. Added to this are the gaps in education, employment, and low literacy levels experienced by the most vulnerable groups – women, youth, and indigenous … Continue reading Community-Oriented Policing in Guatemala